Installing Ubuntu Version 20.04.6 on VirtualBox
How to Install Ubuntu on VirtualBox
Ubuntu Server is one of the Linux-based operating systems that is often used for various server purposes, both in educational and industrial environments. This system is open-source, lightweight, and stable, making it ideal for use in computer network learning and server administration.
This material provides a complete guide on how to install Ubuntu Server version 20.04.6 using VirtualBox. This method allows you to learn about server operating systems virtually, without having to change the main system installed on your physical computer.
Preparation Before Installation:
Creating a Virtual Machine:
The first step is to open the VirtualBox application, then create a new virtual machine by clicking Tools, then the New button.
In the Name and Operating System section, give the virtual machine a name (for example: Prima-Ubuntu), select the folder where the virtual machine files will be stored, and select the Ubuntu Server 20.04.6 ISO file that you downloaded earlier. Next, ensure that the Type setting is set to Linux, the Subtype is Ubuntu, and the Version is Ubuntu (64-bit). Don't forget to check the Skip Unattended Installation option so that the installation process can be performed manually and according to the user's needs.
After the operating system setup is complete, the next step is to configure the virtual hardware specifications in the Hardware section. In this section, set the amount of Base Memory (RAM) that will be used by the virtual machine. For this tutorial, it is recommended to allocate 2048 MB to ensure that the Ubuntu Server installation and usage run smoothly without lag. Next, specify the number of processors (CPUs) to be used. In this example, 1 CPU is used, which is sufficient for light simulation purposes. However, if the hardware specifications allow, the number of CPUs can be increased to improve the performance of the virtual machine. Additional settings such as the Enable EFI option (for special OSes only) can be ignored as they are not required for the installation of this version of Ubuntu Server.
The next step is to set up virtual hard disk storage. Select the Create a Virtual Hard Disk Now option to create new storage that will be used by the Ubuntu virtual machine. This option allows VirtualBox to create a separate disk file that functions as a virtual hard disk for the operating system to be installed. After that, specify the file storage location and hard disk capacity size. For example, the file is stored at the location D:\Virtual Machine\Prima-Ubuntu\Prima-Ubuntu.vdi. For the capacity size, set it to 30.00 GB. This capacity has been adjusted to be sufficient for the installation process and basic needs of Ubuntu Server. In the “Hard Disk File Type and Variant” section, leave it at the default setting, which is VDI (VirtualBox Disk Image). Next, the storage space can be left in the default mode, which is dynamic. With this mode, the hard disk file does not immediately consume the entire 30 GB capacity but will increase according to data usage within the virtual machine. If all settings are correct, click the Finish button to complete the virtual machine creation process.
Once the virtual machine has been successfully created, click on the name of the virtual machine that appears in the VirtualBox list. Then click on the Settings button located in the VirtualBox toolbar.
After entering the Settings menu, click the Network section on the left panel. By default, VirtualBox provides up to four network adapters (Adapter 1 to Adapter 4). In this step, the configuration is done on Adapter 1 first. Enable the Enable Network Adapter option so that this adapter can be used by the virtual machine. Then, under the Attached to section, change the setting to Bridged Adapter. Using a Bridged Adapter allows the operating system running on the virtual machine to connect directly to the local network, as if it were a standalone physical device on that network. After selecting Bridged Adapter, ensure that the network adapter name (e.g., Intel(R) Wireless-AC 9462) matches the network device used on the laptop. Leave other settings such as Adapter Type, Promiscuous Mode, and MAC Address at their default values unless there are specific instructions. This step completes the configuration for Adapter 1. The configuration will then be continued for Adapter 2.
On the Network panel, the Adapter 2 tab can be selected by clicking directly on the top part. The Enable Network Adapter option must be enabled first in order for the second adapter to function. The Attached to section is changed to Host-only Adapter, meaning that this network connection will only occur between the virtual machine and the host computer. This type of connection is suitable for local network configuration purposes without access to external networks. Without changing any other settings, simply press the OK button below to save all Adapter 1 and Adapter 2 configurations.
Start installing Ubuntu Server:
To start installing Ubuntu Server, click on the name of the virtual machine you created in the VirtualBox list. Then, press the Start button at the top. Three boot method options will appear: Normal Start, Headless Start, and Detachable Start. Select the Normal Start option so that the installation window appears and the process can be monitored directly through the VirtualBox interface.
After selecting Normal Start, the virtual machine will start booting from the Ubuntu Server ISO file. After a few moments, the installation screen will appear and display language options. Use the up (↑) and down (↓) arrow keys on the keyboard to navigate the language menu. Navigate to English, then press Enter to proceed to the next stage of installation.
Once you select English and press Enter, the screen will display a notification about the installer update. At the bottom, there are three options: Update to the new installer, View full changelog, and Continue without updating. The option to use is Continue without updating. To select it, use the down arrow key, then press Enter to continue the installation process without downloading the update first.
After selecting the keyboard layout, leave the settings at the default selection, English (US), in the Layout and Variant sections. To continue, press the arrow keys on the keyboard until you reach Done, then press Enter to proceed to the next step.
During the network setup stage, a list of available interfaces is displayed, such as enpos3 and enpos8, complete with connection types, IP addresses, and hardware information for each. Since network configuration is performed through two channels, namely the main network and the local network, both of these interfaces will be configured. The first step focuses on enpos3 as the main path, which will be assigned an IP address manually. To configure it, select enpos3, then proceed to the Edit IPv4 section.
After entering the IPv4 configuration menu for enpos3, change the configuration method from Automatic (DHCP) to Manual. Use the arrow keys on the keyboard to select the option, then press Enter. By selecting the manual option, the system will display fields for entering the IP address, subnet mask, and gateway, which must be filled in manually according to the network scheme used.
Before manually entering the IP address in enpos3, open Command Prompt (CMD) in Windows as a first step to view network information. To do this, press the Windows + R keys on your keyboard, then type cmd and click OK.
In CMD, type the command ipconfig and press Enter. The result of this command will display active network information.
In the CMD window, pay attention to the Wireless LAN adapter Wi-Fi section. There is some important information that will be used to fill in the IP configuration in Ubuntu Server. Focus on:
IPv4 Address: 192.168.218.99
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 192.168.218.247
These three pieces of information will serve as a reference when manually configuring the IP on the enpos3 adapter, with the note that the IP address used must still be within the same network but not exactly the same to avoid network conflicts. For example, you can use an IP like 192.168.218.100.
In the Edit enpos3 IPv4 configuration section, the IPv4 method is changed to Manual. Here, the Subnet is filled with 192.168.218.0/24. The number 0 in the fourth octet indicates that this is a network address, not an address for a specific device. The number 0 is used to represent the entire IP range within that network. The number /24 is referred to as CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) or commonly called a slice, meaning the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, where the first 24 bits of the IP address are used for the network. For the Address field, enter 192.168.218.100. This IP address is chosen because it is within the same network as the 192.168.218.0/24 subnet but is different from the host computer's IP address (e.g., 192.168.218.99) to avoid IP conflicts. The fourth octet must not be the same as the host IP and should be chosen as an unused number, such as 100. The Gateway is set to 192.168.218.247, which is the default gateway IP for that network (as seen in the CMD output). The Name servers and Search domains sections are left blank, as they are not required in the initial installation. Select Save to save the settings.
After completing the configuration for enpos3, proceed to the next interface, enpos8. Select the enpos8 interface, then select edit IPv4.
In this section, change the IPv4 method from Automatic (DHCP) to Manual by moving the cursor using the arrow keys to the Manual option, then press Enter. Selecting the manual method allows us to set the IP address, subnet, and gateway statically according to network requirements.
In the Subnet section, enter the format X.X.X.0/24, where the first three octets (X.X.X) use the absence number. For example, if the absence number is 35, then the Subnet becomes 35.35.35.0/24. The number 0 in the fourth octet indicates the base address of the network. Next, in the Address column, enter 35.35.35.1, which is the IP address to be used by the server. The Gateway is also set to the same IP address, 35.35.35.1, as this server will serve as the primary gateway. The Name servers and Search domains fields are left blank as they are not used. Finally, click Save to save the configuration.
Ensure that both interfaces appear with the correct IP information. If everything is correct, proceed by selecting the Done button to complete the network setup process.
This section is for proxy configuration, but since the system does not require a proxy to connect to the internet, leave the Proxy address field blank. After confirming that no information needs to be filled in, click the Done button to proceed to the next step.
At this stage, the system displays an option to change the default Ubuntu mirror, which is the repository address where installation and update files are downloaded. Since no changes are necessary and the default mirror is already appropriate (http://id.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu), simply click Done to continue the installation process.
In the Configure a guided storage layout, or create a custom one section, the system offers two options: Use an entire disk (automatically guided) or Custom storage layout (manually custom partitioning). Here, select the Custom storage layout option by pressing the space bar on the keyboard to select it, then press enter to select Done to continue to the partition settings. This allows users to create and manage partitions freely according to system requirements.
This section is the Storage Configuration display. Select free space, then press Enter and select Add GPT Partition to create a new partition table on the hard disk.
In the first stage of manual partitioning (custom storage layout), the first partition is created with a size of 15G. The selected file system format is ext4, and this partition is mounted on the / (root) directory. After that, select the Create option to save the partition settings.
After the first partition has been successfully created, the remaining unused space will appear as free space. Then, add GPT partition using the remaining available capacity.
Next, add a second GPT partition with a size of 2G from the remaining hard disk space. Select swap as the file system format. Since the swap partition does not require a mount point, the Mount column is automatically locked and left blank. Once the settings are complete, select the Create option to create this swap partition.
After successfully creating the first two partitions, the next step is to add a third partition from the remaining free space available on the hard disk. In the free space section, select the Add GPT Partition option.
Then, the maximum available size was entered, which is 12,997 GB (even though the total remaining space is around 13 GB, the system automatically limits the size to 12,997 GB). This partition was then formatted with the ext4 system, and its mount point was set to /home, which serves as the storage location for all user data and files. The Create option was selected to create a swap partition. With the completion of this third partition, the entire hard disk capacity has been divided and is ready for use in the Ubuntu installation process.
After all partitions have been successfully created, the File System Summary section will show that there are three partitions. If you have confirmed that all partition configurations are correct, the next step is to select the Done option to continue the system installation process.
The system then displays a warning message saying Confirm destructive action, informing you that the installation process will start immediately and all data on the disk selected for formatting will be permanently lost. Users are also warned that they will not be able to return to the previous page once the installation process has started. If you are sure about the configuration you have made, the next step is to select the Continue option to confirm and start the Ubuntu installation process.
The next step is Profile setup, which is the user profile configuration. At this stage, users are asked to fill in their identity data to log in to the Ubuntu system. Some of the information that must be filled in includes: Your name, which is the username that will be displayed (in this example, it is filled in with “prima”); Your server's name, which is the host name or computer name on the network (in this example, it is filled in with ‘pimaw’); then Pick a username, which is the system username (in this example, it is filled in with “prima”). Next, the user is asked to create a password and confirm it. If all the data has been entered correctly, the user can select the Done button to proceed to the next stage of the installation process.
The next step is to configure SSH (Secure Shell). At this stage, users are given the option to enable the OpenSSH server feature, which allows Ubuntu computers to be accessed remotely via a secure SSH connection. To enable it, users simply check the Install OpenSSH server option, as shown in the image. Once all the settings are complete, users can continue the installation process by selecting the Done button at the bottom.
In the Featured Server Snaps section, do not select any snap packages and press Done to continue with the installation.
Once the installation is complete, the message Install complete! will appear. Then select Reboot Now to restart the system and proceed to the login stage.
After the Ubuntu installation process was complete, a message appeared saying [FAILED] Failed unmounting /cdrom repeatedly. This message indicated that the system failed to remove the ISO installer file from the virtual CD. At this stage, I did not change any settings and immediately pressed the Enter key as instructed. The system then continued the booting process and entered the Ubuntu login screen.
After the Ubuntu operating system installation process is complete and the system automatically reboots, users will be presented with a text-based login screen. At this stage, users are asked to enter the username and password that they created earlier. When the password is typed (it will not be visible as it is being typed), users will successfully log in to the system with a terminal display. Next, to obtain full access rights as an administrator (root), users run the sudo -i command, then re-enter the password. If successful, the terminal prompt will change from $ to #, indicating that the user has entered superuser or root mode. The interface also displays system information such as the Ubuntu version, IP addresses of each network interface, and system status. This step confirms that the Ubuntu installation was successful, and the system is ready for use or further configuration.
Remote Access Practice Using Anydesk
The first step in practicing remote access using AnyDesk is to ensure that the AnyDesk application is installed on the device. If the application is already installed, we can open it immediately to begin practicing.
Once the AnyDesk application is open, look at the Your Address section on the screen. This number is our device's unique address in AnyDesk. If we want to access a friend's device, we need to ask for their AnyDesk address, then enter it in the Enter Remote Address field at the top. After that, we can start the connection to control or view their device's screen.
In the Enter Remote Address field at the top, enter the AnyDesk address of the device you want to access. This address is usually provided by the owner of the device. Once you have entered the address correctly, press Enter or click the arrow icon on the right to start the connection process to the target device.
After pressing Enter, the connection process will begin. At this stage, the screen will display the status Connecting which indicates that the system is trying to connect to the target device. The message Connection in progress. Please wait. will also appear, which means we need to wait until the target device responds to the connection request. If you want to cancel the process, you can press the Cancel button.
After pressing Enter in the previous step, the friend's or target's device will receive a connection request. A confirmation window like the one shown above will appear on the device's screen. To allow access, the device owner needs to press the Accept button so that the remote connection can begin.
If our friend selects the Accept button, the remote access connection will be established immediately. After that, we can directly access their device in real time, including opening, operating, and viewing various applications or files on the device as if we were using it directly.
Komentar
Posting Komentar