Installing Ubuntu Version 20.04.6 on VMware
Cara Instalasi Ubuntu di VMware
Ubuntu Server is one of the Linux-based operating systems that is often used for various server purposes, both in educational and industrial environments. This system is open-source, lightweight, and stable, making it ideal for use in computer network learning and server administration.
This discussion provides a complete guide on how to install Ubuntu Server version 20.04.6 using VMware. This method allows you to learn about server operating systems virtually, without having to change the main system installed on your physical computer.
Preparation Before Installation:
Creating a Virtual Machine:
The first step is to open the VirtualBox application, then create a new virtual machine by clicking Tools, then the New button.
There are two options, Install from & Installer dsc image file (iso). In this section, select the Installer dsc image file (iso) option, then click browse and select the downloaded Ubuntu iso file. Once you have selected the iso file, click next to continue creating the virtual machine.
In this section, enter your full name, username, and password that will be used on the virtual machine you are creating, then confirm the password to ensure it is correct. Once you are done, click Next.
In the Virtual machine name section, enter the name that will be used as the name of the virtual machine being created. Then, in the Location section, select the folder where you want to save the virtual machine being created by clicking browse and selecting the folder. Once you have done so, click next.
In the Specify Disk Capacity section, specify the disk size or virtual storage capacity. In this discussion, we will use 30 GB. Then there are two options below it, namely Store virtual disk as a single file & Split virtual disk into multiple files. In this discussion, we will use the Split virtual disk into multiple files option, because the storage file will be partitioned into several parts. Then click Next to continue.
Next, the Ready to Create Virtual Machine section appears, displaying a summary of the virtual machine settings that have been created, including the name, storage location, VMware version, operating system used, hard disk capacity, amount of memory, network connection type, and other virtual hardware. Click Customize Hardware to adjust the virtual machine's hardware settings before the installation process begins.
In the Network Adapter section, set the virtual machine's network connection type. Select the Bridged (Automatic) option, then make sure that Bridged: Connected directly to the physical network is selected in the Network connection section. With this setting, the virtual machine will be connected directly to the physical network like the host computer, so it can obtain an IP from the same network. After that, click Add to add other virtual hardware as needed.
The Add Hardware Wizard will then appear. Select the type of virtual hardware you want to add. Since you are adding a network adapter at this stage, select Network Adapter from the Hardware types list. The Explanation section will display a description stating that this device is used to add a network connection to the virtual machine. After that, click Finish to add the Network Adapter.
After the second Network Adapter has been successfully added, change the network connection type. In the Network Adapter 2 section, select the Host-only: A private network shared with the host option. With this setting, the virtual machine will be on a private network that is only connected to the host computer, which is useful for direct communication between the host and VM without access to the external network. When finished, click Close to save the settings.
Once all virtual hardware settings are complete, you will return to the Ready to Create Virtual Machine stage. Ensure that all configurations such as name, storage location, hard disk capacity, memory amount, network connection type, and other hardware are correct. If everything is correct, click Finish to create the virtual machine and start the Ubuntu installation process.
Once the virtual machine has been successfully created, it will appear in the Home list in VMware Workstation. Select the virtual machine that has been created, for example with the name prima-ubuntu, to start the installation process. Click Play virtual machine to turn on the virtual machine and run the Ubuntu installation.
When the virtual machine is running, the Ubuntu installation process will begin with language selection. Use the ↑ and ↓ keys on the keyboard to navigate, then select the desired language. In this guide, select English as the primary installation language, then press Enter to proceed to the next step.
Leave the settings at the default option, English (US), in the Layout and Variant section. To continue, press the arrow keys on the keyboard until you reach Done, then press Enter to proceed to the next step.
During the network setup stage, a list of available interfaces is displayed, such as enpos3 and enpos8, complete with connection types, IP addresses, and hardware information for each. Since network configuration is performed through two channels, namely the main network and the local network, both of these interfaces will be configured. The first step focuses on enpos3 as the main path, which will be assigned an IP address manually. To configure it, select enpos3, then proceed to the Edit IPv4 section.
After entering the IPv4 configuration menu for enpos3, change the configuration method from Automatic (DHCP) to Manual. Use the arrow keys on the keyboard to select the option, then press Enter. By selecting the manual option, the system will display fields for entering the IP address, subnet mask, and gateway, which must be filled in manually according to the network scheme used.
In CMD, type the command ipconfig and press Enter. The result of this command will display active network information.
In the CMD window, pay attention to the Wireless LAN adapter Wi-Fi section. There is some important information that will be used to fill in the IP configuration in Ubuntu Server. Focus on:
IPv4 Address: 192.168.43.141
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 192.168.43.1
These three pieces of information will serve as a reference when manually configuring the IP on the enpos3 adapter, with the note that the IP address used must still be within the same network but not exactly the same to avoid network conflicts. For example, you can use an IP like 192.168.43.142.
In the Edit enpos3 IPv4 configuration section, the IPv4 method is changed to Manual. Here, the Subnet is filled with 192.168.43.0/24. The number 0 in the fourth octet indicates that this is a network address, not an address for a specific device. The number 0 is used to represent the entire IP range within that network. The number /24 is referred to as CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) or commonly called a slice, meaning the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, where the first 24 bits of the IP address are used for the network. For the Address field, enter 192.168.43.142. This IP address is chosen because it is within the same network as the 192.168.43.0/24 subnet but is different from the host computer's IP address (e.g., 192.168.43.140) to avoid IP conflicts. The fourth octet must not be the same as the host IP and should be chosen as an unused number, such as 142. The Gateway is set to 192.168.43.1, which is the default gateway IP for that network (as seen in the CMD output). The Name servers and Search domains sections are left blank, as they are not required in the initial installation. Select Save to save the settings.
After completing the configuration for enpos3, proceed to the next interface, enpos8. Select the enpos8 interface, then select edit IPv4.
In this section, change the IPv4 method from Automatic (DHCP) to Manual by moving the cursor using the arrow keys to the Manual option, then press Enter. Selecting the manual method allows us to set the IP address, subnet, and gateway statically according to network requirements.
In the Subnet section, enter the format X.X.X.0/24, where the first three octets (X.X.X) use the absence number. For example, if the absence number is 35, then the Subnet becomes 35.35.35.0/24. The number 0 in the fourth octet indicates the base address of the network. Next, in the Address column, enter 35.35.35.1, which is the IP address to be used by the server. The Gateway is also set to the same IP address, 35.35.35.1, as this server will serve as the primary gateway. The Name servers and Search domains fields are left blank as they are not used. Finally, click Save to save the configuration.
Ensure that both interfaces appear with the correct IP information. If everything is correct, proceed by selecting the Done button to complete the network setup process.
This section is for proxy configuration, but since the system does not require a proxy to connect to the internet, leave the Proxy address field blank. After confirming that no information needs to be filled in, click the Done button to proceed to the next step.
At this stage, the system displays an option to change the default Ubuntu mirror, which is the repository address where installation and update files are downloaded. Since no changes are necessary and the default mirror is already appropriate (http://id.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu), simply click Done to continue the installation process.
In the Configure a guided storage layout, or create a custom one section, the system offers two options: Use an entire disk (automatically guided) or Custom storage layout (manually custom partitioning). Here, select the Custom storage layout option by pressing the space bar on the keyboard to select it, then press enter to select Done to continue to the partition settings. This allows users to create and manage partitions freely according to system requirements.
This section is the Storage Configuration display. Select free space, then press Enter and select Add GPT Partition to create a new partition table on the hard disk.
In the first stage of manual partitioning (custom storage layout), the first partition is created with a size of 15G. The selected file system format is ext4, and this partition is mounted on the / (root) directory. After that, select the Create option to save the partition settings.
Next, add a second GPT partition with a size of 2G from the remaining hard disk space. Select swap as the file system format. Since the swap partition does not require a mount point, the Mount column is automatically locked and left blank. Once the settings are complete, select the Create option to create this swap partition.
After all partitions have been successfully created, the File System Summary section will show that there are three partitions. If you have confirmed that all partition configurations are correct, the next step is to select the Done option to continue the system installation process.
The system then displays a warning message saying Confirm destructive action, informing you that the installation process will start immediately and all data on the disk selected for formatting will be permanently lost. Users are also warned that they will not be able to return to the previous page once the installation process has started. If you are sure about the configuration you have made, the next step is to select the Continue option to confirm and start the Ubuntu installation process.
The next step is Profile setup, which is the user profile configuration. At this stage, users are asked to fill in their identity data to log in to the Ubuntu system. Some of the information that must be filled in includes: Your name, which is the username that will be displayed (in this example, it is filled in with “prima”); Your server's name, which is the host name or computer name on the network (in this example, it is filled in with ‘pimaw’); then Pick a username, which is the system username (in this example, it is filled in with “prima”). Next, the user is asked to create a password and confirm it. If all the data has been entered correctly, the user can select the Done button to proceed to the next stage of the installation process.
Once the installation is complete, the message Install complete! will appear. Then select Reboot Now to restart the system and proceed to the login stage.
After the Ubuntu operating system installation process is complete and the system automatically reboots, users will be presented with a text-based login screen. At this stage, users are asked to enter the username and password that they created earlier. When the password is typed (it will not be visible as it is being typed), users will successfully log in to the system with a terminal display. Next, to obtain full access rights as an administrator (root), users run the sudo -i command, then re-enter the password. If successful, the terminal prompt will change from $ to #, indicating that the user has entered superuser or root mode. The interface also displays system information such as the Ubuntu version, IP addresses of each network interface, and system status. This step confirms that the Ubuntu installation was successful, and the system is ready for use or further configuration.
Remote Access Practice Using Anydesk
The first step in practicing remote access using AnyDesk is to ensure that the AnyDesk application is installed on the device. If the application is already installed, we can open it immediately to begin practicing.
Once the AnyDesk application is open, look at the Your Address section on the screen. This number is our device's unique address in AnyDesk. If we want to access a friend's device, we need to ask for their AnyDesk address, then enter it in the Enter Remote Address field at the top. After that, we can start the connection to control or view their device's screen.
In the Enter Remote Address field at the top, enter the AnyDesk address of the device you want to access. This address is usually provided by the owner of the device. Once you have entered the address correctly, press Enter or click the arrow icon on the right to start the connection process to the target device.
After pressing Enter, the connection process will begin. At this stage, the screen will display the status Connecting which indicates that the system is trying to connect to the target device. The message Connection in progress. Please wait. will also appear, which means we need to wait until the target device responds to the connection request. If you want to cancel the process, you can press the Cancel button.
After pressing Enter in the previous step, the friend's or target's device will receive a connection request. A confirmation window like the one shown above will appear on the device's screen. To allow access, the device owner needs to press the Accept button so that the remote connection can begin.
If our friend selects the Accept button, the remote access connection will be established immediately. After that, we can directly access their device in real time, including opening, operating, and viewing various applications or files on the device as if we were using it directly.
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